113

lion of the chariot in (108A). The fallen warrior and his association with the horse, plus the bull leaping over the carnage like the proverbial cow "jumping over the moon" are an allusion to Antonio Tempesta's "Victory of Joshua" (108B). However, Ingres's "Venus Wounded by Diomedes" (111A) maintained a major role in the evolution of "Guernica."

"Horse and Bull" undated (109)

Rembrandt's "Ass of Ballam" (104A) and the rounded forms and flowing lines of Poussin's "Apollo Guarding the Herds of Admetus" (109A), helped create the undated "Horse and Bull" (109). The ass in (104A) posed for both the horse and the bull.

"Mother with Dead Child" May 9, 1937 (110)

Turning to Poussin, Picasso saw in the triangular mass of the "Massacre of the Innocents" (110A) and (110B) the form for his "Mother with Dead Child" (110). The elbow, head and shoulder of the male suggested the head of Picasso's woman; his legs and toes became her arm and hand; the folds in the cloth under the child suggested to Picasso the fingers shaped like sausages. The woman's flowing garments pierce the air in both pictures. The origin of the kneeling posture of Picasso's woman is obvious. The open ovals of the infant's eyes and his inverted pose as well as the pleading gestures of the kneeling women may be seen in Poussin's "Judgment of Solomon" (110C). Compare the mother with dead child from the movie "Battleship Potemkin" (110D).

"Dream and Lie of Franco" etchings from January 8, 1937 (111) and (112)

On January 8, 1937, before he made "Guernica," Picasso did "Dream and Lie of Franco" producing two etching plates (111) and (112). The first shows evidence that Picasso was interested in Durer's “Knight, Death and Devil" engraving (111B) and "The Triumph of Death" engraving by Galle after Werex (111A). The strange creation of Picasso originated in the form of the devil in (111B). The intestines spilling onto the ground in (111) came from the legs under the oxen in (111A). The center panel of (111) was taken from (111A) reversed. The head of the bull was found under the head of the oxen. In (112) Picasso

113